On New Year's Day 1801, the astronomer Giuseppe Piazzi spotted a faint dot that didn't belong. It was Ceres, the first asteroid anyone ever found.
For about fifty years it was counted as a planet. Then people found hundreds more like it, and Ceres was demoted. In 2006 it was promoted again, to dwarf planet.
It is about 940 km wide and holds roughly a quarter of all the mass in the asteroid belt.
NASA's Dawn spacecraft orbited Ceres from 2015 to 2018 and found bright patches glowing in a dark crater. They are salt, left behind when salty water from underground reached the surface and froze away.
Dawn also found a lone mountain about 4 km tall, Ahuna Mons. Scientists think it is an ice volcano that pushed up slush instead of lava.
- Width
- 939 km
- One day
- 9.1 hours
- One year
- 4.6 Earth years
- Moons
- None
- Temperature
- about −105 °C
- 70 kg on Earth weighs
- 2 kg here